Vol. 5, Issue 1, Part A (2023)

The hypothalamus plays a central role in the regulation of emotional behaviours through its complex neuroanatomical connections and neurochemical signalling. Situated at the interface of the nervous and endocrine systems, it serves as a central integrator of physiological and psychological responses. This review explores the structural organization of the hypothalamus and its integrative role in emotional regulation, focusing on its interactions with the limbic system, modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and influence on autonomic and behavioural responses. Understanding the hypothalamus’ contribution to emotion regulation not only enhances our knowledge of brain-behaviour relationships but also has clinical relevance for stress-related and affective disorders.